HAUSA

GENERAL OBJECTIVES
The aim of the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) syllabus in Hausa is to prepare the candidates for the Board’s examination. It is designed to test their achievement of the course objectives, which are to enable the candidates to:
acquire the ability to read and write competently in the Hausa language;know the basic features of Hausa grammar;have the basic knowledge of oral and written Hausa literature;have the ability to appreciate the culture, customs and institutions of the Hausa people;have the ability to translate competently from English to Hausa.
The syllabus covers the following areas:Harshe (Language)Al’adu (culture)Adabi (Literature) – oral and written literature.

CIKAKKEN BAYANIN MANHAJA (DETAILED SYLLABUS)
 TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES OBJECTIVES   
Harshe (Language)
Ƙa’idojin Rubutu (Orthography) – alphabetization; spelling; rules of word merger and division; punctuation, paragraphing; all in  linewith standard Hausa.
Auna Fahimta (Comprehension)- contextual  questions from short unseen passages of about 200 words.

Tsarin Rubutun Insha’i (Composition/Letter Writing Techniques) Candidates should be able to:
recognize the basic Hausa orthographical rules;apply the Hausa orthographical rules;detect linguistic errors, such as grammar, wrong choice of words, wrong spelling etc, read written Hausa texts;comprehend a given Hausa text; interpret various meanings and functions of words in a given text, acquire sufficient vocabulary; recognize central issues in a given text;draw conclusions based on available evidence in  a given text.
acquire the knowledge of the techniques of composition writing in Hausa; recognize the different segments of composition in Hausa;recognize the different types of Hausa composition. Fassara (Translation)Ire-iren fassaraƘa’idojin fassaraMatsalolin fassara

Tsarin Sauti (Phonology)consonants – production and classification in terms of phonation, place and manner of articulation;
vowels – production and classification in terms of position of tongue and lips; monophthongs and dipthongs; tone – e.g. high, low and falling tones; syllable   structure   –   syllable types,e.g. open and closed syllables, light and heavy syllables syllabic categories of words – monosyllabic, disyllabic, etc.
vowel length – long and short vowels; phonological processes – e.g. assimilatory: palatalization, labialization and vowel harmony; non-assimilatory: insertion and deletion.Ƙirar Kalma (Morphology)roots and stems;affixation – e.g. prefix, infix suffix and their derivational and inflectional functions;gender and number inflections;derivation of nouns and adjectives from verbs; adjectives and verbs from nouns.Ginin Jumla (Syntax):word classes  –  e.g.  nouns,  pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections and ideophones; translate proverbial and idiomatic expression and new words from English to Hausa;recognize the different types of translation;understand the basic techniques of translating proverbial and idiomatic expression and new words in to Hausa;identify the problems of translation in to Hausa.

analyse the process of sound production and combination of sounds to form meaningful words in Hausa;
appraise the importance of vowels in determining word meaning; distinguish between the phonetic attributes of sounds;recognize the number of syllables and their types in a word; appraise the importance of vowels in determining meaning; analyse the phonological processes in Hausa. Explain the inflectional processe in Hausa word formation;explain the derivational process of word formation in Hausa;differentiate between the two morphological processes.
i.   analyse the process governing word combination to form phrases; clauses and sentences in Hausa; grammatical categories – e.g. tense and aspect (general and relative past: general and relative continuous, first and second future, habitual); mood (subjunctive and negative); gender (masculine, feminine and neuter) and number (singular and plural);sentence structure – e.g. verbal sentence, nominal phrase + verbal phrase and their components, non- verbal sentence: nominal phrase + stabilizer, nominal phrase+ compliment + stabilizer, nominal phrases + continuous frame (yana../yake…) (+da) + nominal phrase;sentence types – e.g. simple sentences, compound sentences and complex sentences; clauses – types (e.g. relative and subjunctive); functions (e.g. main and subordinate).

Ma’ana (Semantics)lexical  aspects  of  word  meaning   –e.g. ambiguity, synonymy and antonymy;
ii. figures of speech – aspects of specialized meanings of words and phrases.

Al’adu (Culture)
Rayuwar Hausawa (Hausa Rite de Passage)
haihuwa (birth) –ɗaukar ciki da  goyon ciki da haihuwa da shayarwa da al’adun makon haihuwa da wanka da ɓanti da yaye da kaciya da samartaka; aure (marriage)  –  ire-irensa da  nema detect linguistic errors in the grammar;observe punctuation rules;recognize ideas or thoughts in written form;construct meaningful sentences for effective communication ;use the appropriate tenses in spoken and written Hausa; use the appropriate gender and number in spoken and written Hausa. Differentiate between types of sentence structure; distinguish between nominal and verbal phrase; distinguish between types of sentences; compare types of clauses, analyse the mechanisms of generating meanings in Hausa;build up their vocabulary distinguish between the speech sounds of the language to reflect the acceptable grammar.recognize the significance of punctuation rules;recognize the various meanings and functions of sentences in communication;use words and sentences suitable for a particular purpose;construct meaningful sentences for effective communication;

Lallai ne waɗanda za su rubuta jarabawa su iya: bayyana al’adun da ke tattare da ɗaukar ciki har zuwa samartaka;bayyana tsarin zamani akan haihuwa; bayyana al’adun neman aure har zuwa zawarci; da baiko da ɗaurin aure da biki da zaman aure da saki da zawarci; mutuwa (death) – faɗar mutuwa da wanka da salla da jana’iza da zaman makoki da sadaka da takaba da gado tasirin zamani akan rayuwar Hausawa

Zamantakewa (Social Institutions)tsarin zaman iyali da zaman gandu da dangantakar kishiyoyi da ‘yan uwantaka da barantaka da agolanci;maƙwabtaka;aikin gandu da na gayya;abota da ƙawance;gaisuwa da karimci;tasirin zamani a kan zamantakewa.

Sana’o’in Gargajiya (Traditional Occupations)ire-irensu – noma da ƙira da jima da kasuwanci da wanzanci da sassaƙa da farauta  da  dukanci  da  saƙa da kitsoda rini da fawa da fafar ƙorai, da sauransu;yanayinsu – hanyoyin gadon su da kayayyakin yin su da matakan tafiyar da su da muhimmancinsu;kayayyaki ko amfanin da suke samarwa;sarautunsu;sana’o’i masu dangantaka da jinsi –aikatau da ƙwadago; kitso da aski.;tasirin zamani a kan sana’o’ingargajiya.

Kayayyakin Buƙatun Rayuwa (Material Culture)na buƙatun cikin gida (household) – tufafi da karikitan cikin gida;
na sauran buƙatu (others) – gine-gine da girke-girke da sauransu.tasirin zamani a kan kayayyakin buƙatuwa. bayyana tasirin zamani akan aure;
bayyana hanyoyin faɗar mutuwa zuwa rabon gado;bayyana tasirin zamani akan mutuwa;tantance ma’ana da ire-iren tasirin zamani.
bayyana tsarin dangantaka da ma’amala tsakanin iyali; bayyana mahimmancin zamantakewa tsakanin Hausawa
tantance ire-iren tasirin zamani a kan al’adun zamantakewa.
tantance ɗabi’un masu sana’a;tantance kayayyakin da ake sana’antawa;tantance sana’o’in maza da na mata;zayyana kayayyakin sana’o’in;tantance hanyoyin gadon sana’o’in;zayyana amfanin kayayyakin sana’a;bayyana sarautun sana’o’in;bambanta sana’o’in  maza da na mata;bayyana muhimmancin sana’o’in;tantance tasirin zamani akan sana’o’in.
tantance kayayyakin buƙatun rayuwar Bahaushe; tantance amfanin kayayyakin buƙatun rayuwar Bahaushe; tantance tsarin zamani a kan kayayyakin buƙatu.    

Bukukuwa da Wasanni (Cultural Festivities):na addini (religious) – irin su bikin salla da takutaha (sallar gani) da cika- ciki da saukar karatu; na gargajiya (traditional) – irin su kalankuwa da buɗar dawa, da bikin shan kabewa;
na sana’a (occupational) – bikin kamun kifi da dambe da kokawa da wasan  farauta  da  wasan  maƙera dahawan ƙaho;na nishaɗi – sukuwa;na yara (children’s games) –irin su shalle da kulli-kurciya da a-sha- ruwan-tsuntsaye da gaɗa da carafke;tasirin zamani kan bukukuwa da wasanni.

Camfe-camfe da Bauta (Traditional Beliefs and Worship):camfe-camfe irinsu kangida da camfi, da kambun baka;bauta irin su bori da maita da tsafi;tasirin zamani a kan camfe-camfe da bauta.
Sarautun Gargajiya (Traditional Authority)ire-irensu – sarki da hakimai da dagatai da masu unguwanni;
na bayin sarki – shantali da jakadiya da baraya da sauransu;
masu alaƙa da addini; irin su liman  da alƙali;ayyukansu.
Magungunan Gargajiya (Traditional Medicine)ire-irensuna gargajiya: sassaƙe-sassaƙe da sauyoyi da na gari da na ruwa;na addini: layu da rubutu da ɗibbu  da
zayyana ire-iren wasanni da bukukuwan Hausawa;

nuna mahimancinsu;
nuna yadda za a adana su kar su ɓace;
nuna yadda ake gudanar da su;
nuna tasirin zamani a kan bukukuwa da wasanni.
tantance ire-ire da hanyoyin aiwatar da su;

bayyana amfaninsu;bayyana rashin amfaninsu.

bayyana tasirin zamani a kansu.
zayyana su ta fuskar ire-iren muƙamai;
zayyana hawa-hawan muƙami;
tantance aikin kowane mai muƙami;
tantance mahimmancin kowane muƙami.

i. karkasa ire-iren magunguna; duba; hanyar amfani da su – sha da shafawada surace da turare da shaƙawa da taunawa  da  tsotsawa  da  ɗaurawa daliƙawa da ratayawa;awo da kimantawa; ayyukansu – riga-kafi da warkarwa; tasirin zamani a kansu

(3)  Adabi (Literature)
I.  Adabin Baka (Oral Literature)Zuben Baka (Narratives):Irin su tatsuniya da almara da hikaya da ƙissa da tarihi.
Maganganun Azanci (Folk – sayings);  Irin su take da kirari da habaici da zambo da karin magana da kacici-kacici da salon magana da adon harshe.
Waƙoƙi  na baka (Oral songs):ire-irensu –  na fada da na jama’a   dana maza da na sha’awa da sauransu:
jigo da salo da zubi da tsari da mawaƙi da kayan kiɗa da abin da aka waƙe.
waƙoƙin aiki: na niƙa da daɓe da na daka da na talla da sauransu;Waƙoƙin yara (maza da mata); na aure da na dandali da sauransu;

Wasannin Kwaikwayo Na Gargajiya (Traditional Drama):
Na yara:
ire-iren su langa da wasan ’yartsana da tashe da wasan  gauta da dokin kara da sauransu;yadda ake yin su. zayyana hanyoyin amfani da su;
nuna amfaninsu;

v. nuna tasirin zamani a kan su.
Lallai ne waɗanda za su rubuta jarrabawa su iya:
tantance nau ‘o’in zuben baka;amfani da kalmomin da suka dace da kan labari.
tantance sigogi da bayyana hanyoyin amfani da su;naƙalta da amfani da kalmomin da suka dace da maganganun azanci.
tantance ire-iren waƙoƙin baka;
tantance masu yin ire-iren waƙoƙin; rarrabe siga da jigo da salo da zubi da kayayyakin aiwatar da su.
tantance nau’o’in waƙoƙin aiki;tantance masu yin waƙoƙin aiki;bambance sigogin waƙoƙin yara.
tantance sigogin wasannin kwaikwayo na gargajiya.tantance hanyoyin gudanar da wasannin kwaikwayo na gargajiya;tantance muhimmancin wasannin kwaikwayo na gargajiya; - muhimmancinsu

Na manya:
ire-iren su ‘yan kama da kalankuwa da hoto da wowwo da tashe, da sauransu;yadda ake yin su;muhimmancinsu
Rubutaccen Adabi (Written Literature) Zube (Prose)
Kome Nisan Dare

Waƙa (Poetry)
i.   Waƙoƙin Mu’azu Haɗeja

Wasan Kwaikwayo (Drama)

i.   Kulɓa Na Ɓarna

Lallai ne masu ɗaukar jarabawa su iya:

tantance siga da tsari da jigo da salo da taurarin cikin littafin zube tare da nazarin su;naƙaltar ƙa’idojin rubutu yayin karanta rubutun zube;naƙaltar ma’anonin kalmomi da na  jumloli domin fahimtar labari;tantance muhimman saƙonni a cikin labari da yanke hukunci game da labarin.

fahimtar jigo da salo da siga da zubi wajen nazarin zaɓaɓɓiyar waƙa;yin la’akari da ƙa’idojin rubutu musamman    nawaƙa;tantance   ma’anonin   kalmomi   da   na  jumloliwajen nazarin waƙa;danganta  amfani  da  kalmomi  da  jumloli  dasaƙon waƙa;tantance muhimman saƙonni a cikin waƙa da yanke hukunci game da ita.

tantance yanayin wurin wasa da jigo da salo da ‘yan wasa da siga da tsarin rubutaccen wasan kwaikwayo da aka zaɓa don nazari;la’akari da muhimmancin ƙa’idojin rubutu  wajen fitar da ma’ana;naƙaltar ma’anar kalmomi domin fahimtar wasa;tantance muhimman saƙonni a cikin wasa da yanke hukunci game da saƙonnin.    

ZAƁAƁƁUN LITTATTAFAI (PRESCRIBED TEXTS)   Nau’i Marubuci Littafi   Zube: (i)  Bambale, M.B. Kome Nisan Dare    Zaria: NNPC, 2009    WAEC AND NECO   Waƙa: (i)  Haɗeja, M. Waƙoƙin Mu’azu Haɗeja Zaria: NNPC, 1980    WAEC AND NECO   
Wasan Kwaikwayo: (i)  Katsina, U. Ɗ Kulɓa Na Ɓarna    Zaria: NNPC, 2011    WAEC AND NECO  


RECOMMENDED TEXTS

Galadanci, M.K.M. (1976), Introduction to Hausa Grammar, Zaria: Longman Junju, M.H. (1980), Rayayyen Nahawun Hausa, Zaria: NNPCMuhammad, Y.M. (2005), Fassarar Hausa, Zaria: ABU PressSani, M.A.Z. (1999), Tsarin Sauti Da Nahawun Hausa, Ibadan: UP Plc Sani, M.A.Z. et al (2000), Exam Focus: Hausa Language, Ibadan: UP Plc Skinner, N. (1977), Grammar of Hausa, Zaria: NNPCYaaya, I.Y. et al (1992), Darussan Hausa 1 – 3, Ibadan: UP Plc Don manyan makarantun sakandareADABI DA AL’ADU (LITERATURE AND CULTURE) Bichi, A.Y. (1979), Waƙoƙin Bikin Aure, Lagos: NelsonDangambo, A. (1984), Rabe – Raben Adabin Baka da Muhimmancinsa Ga Rayuwar Hausawa, Kano: T.P.C.Gusau, S.M. (1991), Makaɗa Da Mawaƙan Hausa, Kaduna: Fisbas Media Service Ibrahim, M.S. (1977), Kowa Ya Sha Kiɗa, Zaria: LongmanMadauci, I. et al (1992), Hausa Customs, Zaria: ABU PressUmar, M.B. (1976), Ɗanmaraya Jos Da Waƙoƙinsa, Ibadan: OUP Umar, M.B. (1977), Wasannin Tashe, Zaria: NNPC
ƘAMUSAI (DICTIONARIES)Bargery G.P. (1951), A Hausa – English Dictionary and English-Hausa Vocabulary London: OUP Newman, R.M. (1997), An English-Hausa Dictionary, Ibadan: LongmanNewman and Newman (1977), Sabon Ƙamus Na Hausa Zuwa Turanci, Ibadan: UPL Skinner, N. (1993), Kamus Na Turanci Da Hausa, Zaria: NNPCCSNL: (2006), Ƙamusun Hausa Na Jami’ar Bayero ta Kano, Kano: CSNL