WAEC syllabus 92/waec-tourism-syllabus
WAEC Tourism Syllabus

PREAMBLE

The syllabus is designed to evaluate the candidates’ knowledge and skills in the potentials available in the tourism industry. The syllabus is based on the assumption that not less than three teaching periods or 2 hours per week will be allocated to the subject during the senior secondary school course.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The examination will test candidates’ ability to:

(i)         Explain the concepts associated with tourism activities such as tourism, tourist, tourist attraction, tour operation, excursion, travel agency etc;

(ii)        Acquire knowledge of tourist attraction centres and their locations;

(iii)       Understand the financial, social and developmental benefits of tourism to a nation;

(iv)       Explain the tourism and cultural festivals of a nation;

(v)        Acquire the basic knowledge of the operations of travel agency and tour businesses;

(vi)       Understand the roles and functions of public and private agencies in tourism;

(vii)      Develop skills in tourism entrepreneurship.

FIELD WORK

The students should be exposed to field work through excursions to tourism industry sites such as airports, sea ports, beaches, landforms, game reserves, national parks, museums, hotels, tour agencies, etc on which they should be examined as part of their continuous assessment in schools. The scores for the field work should account for 40 per cent of the total continuous assessment scores of the students that will be forwarded to the examining body.

SCHEME OF EXAMINATION

There shall be two papers, Papers 1 and 2, both of which will make a composite paper to be taken at one sitting.

Paper1: will comprise forty multiple choice objective questions to be drawn from the entire syllabus. Candidates will be required to answer all the questions in 40 minutes for 40 marks.

Paper 2: This will consist of two sections, Sections A and B. It will take 1 hour 50 minutes and carry 100 marks.

Section A will consist of ten restricted-response essay questions, all of which must be answered for 40 marks. Candidates are advised not to spend more than 50 minutes on this section.

Section B: will consist of five essay type questions of which candidates will be expected to answer any three in 1 hour for 60 marks.

DETAILED SYLLABUS

CONTENTS

 

NOTES

CONCEPTS AND

 

 

TOURISM RESOURCES

 

 

Concepts

Definition of tourism, tourist, visitor, tour, operation, excursion,

 

recreation, leisure, hospitality, travel etc.

Scope

Scope of tourism

History of tourism

History of tourism

Types of tourism

Types of tourism( domestic, international)

Tourism and travel business

Forms of tourism:

 

Incoming/inbound, out-coming /outbound, international, domestic, long

 

haul, short haul, business, eco\environmental, cultural, religious/mistrial,

 

sport, youth.

Components of tourism

Components: attraction, accessibility, amenities.

Tourist product

Definition of tourist product

 

Characteristics of tourist products (heterogeneous, intangible, immovable)

Tourist attractions in a nation

Tourist attractions and their locations:

 

-   natural(national parks, scenic features, beaches, coasts, landforms

 

 

etc)

 

-   man-made( monuments, museums, palaces etc)

 

-

social cultural( historical monuments, festivals, carnivals, sports

 

 

etc)

Tourism statistics

Meaning of tourism statistics

 

-

inflow(arrival)

 

-

outflow(departure)

 

-

expenditure pattern

 

-

data collection

 

-   importance of tourism statistics

Benefits of tourism

Economic benefits:

 

-

financial

 

-

taxes

 

-

levies

 

-

balance of payments

 

-   foreign exchange earnings etc

 

Social benefits:

 

-

cultural understanding

 

-

job creation

 

-   international co-operation

Developmental benefits:

(a)

infrastructure

 

 

-

road

 

 

-

light

 

 

-

water

 

 

-

communication

 

(b)

superstructure

 

 

-

buildings

 

 

-

flyovers

 

(c ) rural development

 

 

-

preserves nature

 

 

-

use of land

Festivals and heritages in a

Festivals in Nigeria:

nation

 

-

Argungu International Fishing Festival

 

 

-

Oshogbo International Festival

 

 

-

New yam festival

 

 

-

Shao mass wedding

 

 

-

Sharo festival

 

 

-   Fare Wrestling Festival etc

Heritages in a nation

-     Sakur world heritage site

-     Museums and monument

-     Art galleries

-     Museums

-     Palaces

-     Gidan Makama

-     Shrines

 

 

 

 

 

 

BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS IN TOURISM

 

 

Reasons for travel

Why people travel

 

Physiological factors:

 

-   visit to friends and relations

 

-

holidays

 

-

health

 

Economic factors:

 

-

business\shopping

 

-

conference\meetings

 

-

trade fare\exhibition

 

Social factors:

 

-

religion

 

-

sports

 

-

beautiful natural sceneries

-     fashion fare

-     education

-     self esteem

Travel agency business

Meaning of travel  agency/agent

 

The roles/functions of a travel agent

 

-

reservation

 

-

ticketing

 

-

visa procurement

 

-

foreign exchange procurement etc

 

Qualities of a travel agent

 

-

resourcefulness

 

-

marketing skills

 

-

honesty /integrity

 

-

good communication skills

 

-

timeliness

 

-

vision

 

-

managerial ability

 

-

good understanding of ICT

 

-

creativity etc

Tour operating business

Definition/ meaning of tour operator

 

Roles of a tour operator

 

-

packaging

 

-

marketing

 

-

executing

 

Qualities of a tour operator

 

-

honesty

 

-

good public relations

 

-

good marketing skills

 

-

good financial standing

 

-

good knowledge of the environment

 

-

innovativeness

 

-

good understanding of ICT etc

Support services

Support groups in travel business:

 

(i)

financial support

 

 

insurance, banking, bureau de change

 

(ii)

transport facilities/

 

 

car hire services

 

(iii) souvenir shops e.g. local crafts etc

 

(iv) accommodation\hotel and catering services

 

(v)

health services e.g. first aid, clinics, hospitals etc

 

(vi) security services

Public agencies in tourism

Identification and roles of public agencies in tourism

 

 

 

(a)

(i) Federal Ministry of Tourism, Culture and National Orientation

 

(b)

State Tourism Boards

 

 

 

 

 

(c)

Local Government Tourism Committees

 

 

 

(d)

Parastatals

 

 

 

 

 

 

-   Nigerian Tourism Development Corporation

 

 

 

 

(NTDC)- policy implementation

 

 

 

 

-

National

Institute

for

Hospitality

and

Tourism

 

 

(NIHOTOUR) Manpower development

 

 

 

-

National    Commission    for    Museums    and

Monuments

 

 

(NCMM) Preservation of heritages

 

 

 

Identification and roles of private tourism agencies in Nigeria

 

Private agencies in tourism

(a)

Federation of Tourism Association of Nigeria(FTAN)- umbrella

 

 

body for all private tourism agencies in Nigeria

 

 

 

(b)

National Association of Nigeria Travel Agencies(NANTA)-

 

 

regulates travel agencies

 

 

 

 

 

(c)

Association   of   Nigerian   Journalists   and   Writers    on

 

 

Tourism(ANTWT)-writes on tourism issues in national  dailies

 

 

and tourism magazines

 

 

 

 

 

(d)

National Association of Tour Operators(NATOP)- regulates tour

 

 

operating businesses

 

 

 

 

 

(e)

Nigerian Hotels Association(NHA)

 

 

 

(f)

Hospitality  and  Tourism  Management  Association  of  Nigeria

 

 

(HATMAN)-  umbrella  body  for  all  hospitality  and  tourism

 

 

practitioners

 

 

 

 

 

 

Meaning of tourism marketing

 

 

 

 

Tourism marketing

Tourism marketing strategies:

 

 

 

 

 

-

segmentation

 

 

 

 

 

-

mass marketing

 

 

 

 

 

-

niche marketing(new emerging markets)

 

 

 

Marketing tools in tourism

 

 

 

 

 

(a)

electronic media

 

 

 

 

 

-

television

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

radio

 

 

 

 

 

 

(b)

print media

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

newspapers

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

magazines

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

journals

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

publications

 

 

 

 

 

 

(c)

fairs and exhibitions

 

 

 

 

 

-

local fairs

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

international fairs

 

 

 

 

 

(d)

e-tourism

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

internet services

 

 

 

 

 

-

e-banking

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

e-reservation

 

 

 

 

 

 

-

electronic billboard

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Entrepreneurship in tourism

Meaning of entrepreneurship

 

 

Meaning of cottage industries

 

 

Examples of cottage industries:

 

 

Leather works, ceramics and pottery, bread making, tie and dye, hair

 

 

weaving, painting, cloth weaving, raffia weaving etc

 

 

Items produced in cottage industries:

 

 

-   shoes, bags, wallet, belts etc.

 

 

-   water pots, cooking pots, wall tiles, floor tiles etc.

 

 

-   beads, ornaments, earrings etc.

 

 

-   clothes, adire, kampalla etc.

 

 

-   Jamaica beads, Ghana beads,chuku etc.

 

 

-   Akwa-ocha, aso ofi, aso oke, akwete etc.

 

 

-   Cane chairs, broom, raffia beds etc.

 

Service delivery in tourism

Meaning of service delivery

 

 

Service delivery in tourism:

 

 

-   tour guards, ticket retailers, cooks waiters, photographers, cultural

 

dancers, drivers, game guards, reservation officers etc.

 

 

-

 

 

Skill acquisition

Definition of skills

 

 

 

Skill acquisition centres in a nation:

 

 

-   Small   and

Medium   Enterprise   Development   Agency

of

 

Nigeria(SMEDAN)

 

 

-   National Directorate of Employment(NDE)

 

 

-   National Institute for Hospitality and Tourism (NIHOTOUR)

 

 

-   National Institute for Cultural Orientation (NICO)

 

 

-   Ushafa Pottery Centre etc

 

 

-

 

 

SUGGESTED READING LIST

 

 

Brian Boniface and Christopher Cooper (2001)

The Geography of Travel and Tourism,

3rd

Edition, Published by Butterworth-Henneiman. London

Clins Cooper, John Fletcher, Alam Fyall, David Gilbert and Stephen Wallhill (2009) Tourism Principle and Practice, 2nd Edition, Published by Pehentice Hall.London.

Jeanne Semer Purzycki (2000) Travel Vision: A Practical Guide for the Travel, Tourism and Hospitality Industry, Published by Prechentice Hall.

John Hibbs (2000) An Introduction to Transport Studies, 3rd Edition, Published by Kogan Yak.

WAEC Subjects
Agricultural Science
Biology
Chemistry
Christian Religious Knowlege
Commerce
Economics
English
Geography
Government
Literature
Mathematics